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Titre : Annual report of the Bureau of American ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian institution
Auteur : Bureau of American ethnology (Washington, D.C.)
Éditeur : Government printing office (Washington)
Date d'édition : 1895-1964
Contributeur : Powell, John Wesley (1834-1902). Directeur de publication
Type : texte,publication en série imprimée
Langue : Anglais
Format : application/pdf
Identifiant : ark:/12148/cb37575968z/date
Identifiant : ISSN 0097269X
Source : Bibliothèque nationale de France
Relation : http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37575968z
Description : Périodicité : Annuel
Description : Etat de collection : n. 1 (1879)-n. 48 (1931)
Provenance : bnf.fr
Date de mise en ligne : 12/01/2009
1929 (N47)-1930. Note : Index.
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BUNZEL! ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL LIFE 477
clans of the bride and groom, weddings are one of the most frequent
topics of conversation.
The économie unit is the household, whose nature and methods of
function illustrate admirably certain very fundamental Zuni atti-
tudes. The household is'a group of variable composition, consisting
theoretically of a maternai family; that is, a woman and her husband,
her daughters with their husbands and children. To this permanent
population is added a fluctuating group of miscellaneous male rela-
tives of the maternai line-the unmarried, widowed, divorced, and
those rendered homeless by passing domestic storms. This group
occupies a single house consisting of several connecting rooms. There
is a single kitchen drawing upon a common storehouse. The bouse-
hold owns certain cultivated fields which can not be alienated. In
addition, the various male members individually own certain fields
generally fields recently brought under cultivation-which remain
their own after they have severed connection with the household.
However, ail fields, whether collectively or individually owned, are
cultivated by the cooperative labor of the entire male population of
the household. The products go into thé common storeroom to
become thé collective property of the women of the household. The
women draw on thé common stores for daily food and trade thé surplus
for other commodities. Sheep are owned individually by men but
are herded cooperatively by groups of male kindred. When the
profits of the shearing are divided a man is expected out of these to
provide clothing for himself, his wife and children, including children
by previous marriages, and his mother and unmarried sisters, in case
they are not otherwise provided for.
Personal relations within the household are characterized by the
same lack of individual authority and responsibility that marks the
économie arrangements. The household has no authoritative head
to enforce any kind of discipline. There is no final arbiter in dis-
putes no open conflict. Ordinarily thé female contingent of blood
relatives presents a united front. A man finding himself out of har-
mony with the group may withdraw quietly whenever he chooses and
ally himself with another group. With his departure obligations
cease, and his successor fathers his children. Diffusion of authority
and responsibility is especially marked in the treatment of children.
The tribe is divided into 13 matrilineal exogamous clans, varying
greatly in size from the Yellowwood, consisting of two male members,
and which will therefore become extinct with the present generation,
to the large so-called Dogwood (PFtcikwe) clan, which comprises
several hundreds of individuals. The kinship system follows, in the
main, the Crow multiple clan system, ail members of one's own clan
being designated by classificatory terms. There are different terms
for classificatory relatives of the father's clan. Adoption is frequent,
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