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Titre : Annual report of the Bureau of American ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian institution
Auteur : Bureau of American ethnology (Washington, D.C.). Auteur du texte
Éditeur : Government printing office (Washington)
Date d'édition : 1897
Contributeur : Powell, John Wesley (1834-1902). Directeur de publication
Notice du catalogue : http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37575968z
Notice du catalogue : https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37575968z/date
Type : texte
Type : publication en série imprimée
Langue : anglais
Format : Nombre total de vues : 40082
Description : 1897
Description : 1897 (N19,PART1)-1898.
Description : Note : Index.
Droits : Consultable en ligne
Droits : Public domain
Identifiant : ark:/12148/bpt6k27629f
Source : Bibliothèque nationale de France
Conservation numérique : Bibliothèque nationale de France
Date de mise en ligne : 15/10/2007
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because, since they are asleep, their ghosts have departed, for that is the theory of sylvan life. Trees and smaller plants are animals fixed to thé earth by necromancy. Clouds are animais, streams are animals, seas are animals, and the clouds are ever descencling upon the earth and migrating by streams to the sea, for every drop of water is an animal.
This theory of animate life is universal in tribal society. In this stage, when men carve in earnest, they are engaged in producing the instruments of worship. These objects are not themselvés worshiped in the true sensé, they are only the emblems of worship which are displayed before the gods that they may comprehend the wishes of thé worshipers. The emblems displayed upon thé altar are of two kinds: First, they are thé emblems of the gods worshiped; and, second, they are emblems of thé good things which the worshipers desire. Thus a savage altar is adorned with the images of the gods and the emblems of the blessings for which the savage man makes request. The altar is thé table on which these emblems are displayed. Thé things desired may be represented by images, as when game is asked or when fruits are besought. Butthere may be many accessory objects placed upon thé holy table, as, when in prayer for corn that it may ripen and become hard, the thought is conveyed by fragments of crystal that lie beside it on thé table. The crystal is an adjective that qualifies the com. Savage men always believe that they have lost thé language of thé gods, and thus they eke out the meaning of their words by the illustrations which they assemble upon the altar. That prayer may be understood is thé primitive motive for excellence in carving.
jEe~e~–Thé. next step in the evolution of graphic art is taken in thé shepherd stage. Wildwood men etched crude pictures on rocks, or scratched them on bones, horns, bark of trees, and on thé tanned skins of animals. Such etchings are mere flats; they always fail to express relief. In barbarism they are made to show a truer form, and man learns to express in paintingthe meaning of tints and hues as they are renected from bodies. The motive which urges to excellence is the désire for clearer expression in altar symbolism.