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Titre : Annual report of the Bureau of ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian institution

Auteur : Bureau of American ethnology (Washington, D.C.). Auteur du texte

Éditeur : Government printing office (Washington)

Date d'édition : 1886

Contributeur : Powell, John Wesley (1834-1902). Directeur de publication

Notice du catalogue : http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37575967m

Notice du catalogue : https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37575967m/date

Type : texte

Type : publication en série imprimée

Langue : anglais

Description : 1886

Description : 1886 (N8)-1887.

Description : Note : Index.

Droits : Consultable en ligne

Droits : Public domain

Identifiant : ark:/12148/bpt6k27615r

Source : Bibliothèque nationale de France

Conservation numérique : Bibliothèque nationale de France

Date de mise en ligne : 15/10/2007

Le texte affiché peut comporter un certain nombre d'erreurs. En effet, le mode texte de ce document a été généré de façon automatique par un programme de reconnaissance optique de caractères (OCR). Le taux de reconnaissance estimé pour ce document est de 78%.


Three women sit down before'these stones; tlie first crushes the grain, the second bràys it, and the third reduces it entirely to powder." It will be seen-how exactly this description fits both the. arrangement and the use of this mill at the present time. The perfection of mechanical devices and the refinement of methods here exhibited would seem to be in advance of the achievement of this people in other directions. The grinding stones of the mealing apparatus are of correspondingly varying degrees of roughness; those of basait or lava are used for the first crushing of the corn, and sandstone is used for the final grinding on the last metate of the series. By means of these primitive appliances the corn meal is as finely- ground as our wheaten flour. The grinding stones now used are always flat, as shown in Fig. 105, and differ from those that wereused with theearlymassivé type ofmetateinbeing of cylindrical form.

One end of thé séries of milling troughs is usually built against the wall near thé corner of-the room. In some cases, where the room is quite narrow, the series extends across from wall to wall. Séries comprising four mealing stones, sometimës seen in Zuni, are very generally arranged in this manner. In ail cases sumcient floor space is left behihd the mills to accommodate the women who kneel at their work. Pl. LXXXVI illustrates an un-tisual arrangement, in which the fourth mealing stone is set at right angles to the other stones of the séries. Mortars are in general use in Zuni and Tusayan honseholds. As a rule they are of considerable size, and made of the same material as the rougher mealing stones. They are employed for crushing and grinding the chile or red pepper that enters so largely into the food of the Zuni, and whose use has extended to the Mexicans of the same region. These mortars have the ordinary circular dépressions and are used with a round pestle or crusher, often of somewhat long, cylindrical form for convenience in handling.

Parts of the apparatus for indoor blanket weaving seen in some of the pueblo houses may be included under the heading of furniture. These consist of devices for the attachment of the movable parts of the loom, which need not be described in this connection. In some of the Tusayan houses may be seen examples of posts sunkin the floor provided with holes for the insertion of cords for attaching and tightening the warp, similar to those built into the kiva floors, illustrated in Fig. 31. No device of this kind was seen in Zuni. A more primitive appliance for such work is-seen in both groups of pueblos in an occasional stump of a beam or short pol& projecting from the wall at varying heights. Ceiling beams are also used for stretching the warp both in blanket and belf weaving.

Tlie ftirnishings of a pueblo house do not include tables and chairs. The meals are eaten directlyfiom the stone-paved floor, the participants rarely having any other seat than the blanket that they wear, rolled up or folded into convenient form. Small stools are sometimes seen, but